\u4e00\u3001\u7528\u4f8b\u57fa\u7840
\n1.1\u7528\u4f8b\u7b80\u53f2
\n\u7528\u4f8b\u6280\u672f\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u840c\u82bd\u3001\u6210\u719f\u548c\u53d1\u5c553\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5[12]\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672bUML\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u3001RUP\uff08Rational\u7edf\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u4e4b\u7236Ivar Jacobson\uff08\u4f0a\u74e6\u00b7\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u745e\u5178\u7231\u7acb\u4fe1\u516c\u53f8\u9886\u5bfc\u7a0b\u63a7\u7535\u8bdd\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u7684traffic case\uff08\u8bdd\u52a1\u6848\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c1986\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u5728OOPSLA\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587[4]\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bde\u751f\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b:\u7528\u4f8b\u9a71\u52a8\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b[3]\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4f8b\u9a71\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86Objectory\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08RUP\u524d\u8eab\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u7528\u4f8b\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u754c\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u88abRUP\u548cUML\u5438\u6536\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u8def\u300b[4]\u548c\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u300b[5]\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e86\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u56e0\u4e3a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u7528\u4f8b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7528\u4f8b\u6280\u672f\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\u5de5\u7a0b\u540d\u8457\u6240\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u6765\u7edf\u79f0RUP\u3001UML\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u7531\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u6216\u8d5e\u6210\u7684\u3002\uff09
\n\u7528\u4f8b\u53e6\u4e00\u652f\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d3e\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269Alistair Cockburn\uff08\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u4ee3\u00b7\u5bc7\u672c\uff09\u4e0a\u4e16
\n\u7eaa90\u4ee3\u521d\u4ece\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5341\u5e74\u8ba4\u771f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5bc7\u672c\u4e8e1995\u81f31997\u5e74\u95f4\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5[2]\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u300aWriting Effective Use Cases\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aWEUC\uff09[1]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\/\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6587\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u597d\u6587\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n1.2\u7528\u4f8b\u5b9a\u4e49
\n\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u5b9a\u4e49[7]\u5f3a\u8c03\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08Actor\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u3001\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aActor\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff09
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u53eb\u201c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u3001\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u4f8b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u5bc7\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49[1]\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u660e\u786e\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u5f3a\u8c03\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\uff08Stakeholder\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u201c\u5e72\u7cfb\u4eba\u201d\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5951\u7ea6\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u53ca\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u5e94\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u6ee1\u8db3\u6b63\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u6211\u4eec\u62bd\u53d6\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u201c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5bc7\u672c\u8fd8\u70b9\u51fa\u4e86\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u6765\u5c55\u73b0Actor\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u540e\u7eed\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u60c5\u8282\uff08scenario\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u201c\u573a\u666f\u201d\uff09\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u201d\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u6837\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u5951\u7ea6\u3001\u884c\u4e3a(\u4e8b\u4ef6)\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff09\u3001\u60c5\u8282\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u3001\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002
\n1.3\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u4f8b\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7528\u4f8b\u6280\u672f\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u5408[9]\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u529f\u80fd\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u6b63\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u6240\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5417\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u628a\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u51fa\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\uff08\u867d\u7136\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u8981\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5373\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u542b\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff08\u4ea4\u4e92\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6d3b\u52a8\/\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff08\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u90a3\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u80da\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u3001UML\u56fe\u5f62\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u75284\u79cdUML\u52a8\u6001\u56fe\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u65e9\u572820\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7528\u4f8b\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u4f8b\u8868\u793a\u548c\u7528\u4f8b\u9a71\u52a8\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u91c7\u7528\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u7528\u6237\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\/\u4eff\u771f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u6740\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49[9]\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982
\n\u4eca\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u50cf\u7535\u4fe1\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u3001\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u7528\u4f8b\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7528\u4f8b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u5f88\u7b80\u660e\u6216\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u9664\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u5916\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u6b63\u786e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9664\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u7c92\u5ea6\u592a\u7c97\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u505c\u7559\u5728\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\uff08request\uff09\u548c\u7279\u6027\uff08feature\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42[9]\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u201c\u6253\u5370\u62a5\u8868\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6253\u5370\u62a5\u8868\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u5c1a\u672a\u7ec6\u5316\u5230\u7528\u4f8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u65f6\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5306\u5306\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\u98ce\u9669\u4e43\u81f3\u67b6\u6784\u98ce\u9669\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u5230\u6784\u9020\u3001\u79fb\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5fc5\u7136\u9020\u6210\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8fd4\u5de5\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u53ca\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6293\u4f4f\u9700\u6c42\u5951\u7ea6\u2014\u2014\u7528\u4f8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u5931\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u907f\u514d\u9879\u76ee\u540e\u671f\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6108\u6765\u6108\u7d27\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8d62\u5f97\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002
\n1.4\u76f8\u5173\u8bd1\u6cd5
\n\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u987a\u4fbf\u8c08\u8c08\u5bf9use case\u6709\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5927\u5bb6\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u628ause case\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684[11]\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u4f8b\u2019\u662f\u88ab\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u67d0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0cuse case\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u9879\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u666e\u904d\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522bactor\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u9879\u529f\u80fd\u624d\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5168\u9762,\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e9b\u7275\u5f3a\uff08\u5148\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6b63\u786e\u4e0e\u5426\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9euse case\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\uff08\u666e\u904d\u9002\u5e94\uff09\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7684scenario\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cuse case\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u6570\u7684\u3001\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2ause case\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0cuse case\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u201c\u692d\u5706\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u522b\u7684actor\u548c\u4e2a\u522b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u65e2\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u602a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728UML\u5bf9\u8c61-\u7c7b-\u7c7b\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u53c8\u662f\u7c7b\u5143\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u7c7b\u5143\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7c7b\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001use case\u7b49\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7c7b\u65e2\u662f\u5176\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u53c8\u662f\u5176\u7c7b\u5143\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u628ause case\u7684\u201ccase\u201d\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u4f8b\u201d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u3002
\n\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u628ause case\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u7528\u51b5\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u7684\u786e\u4e0d\u9519\uff08use case\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff09\uff01\u53ef\u6211\u603b\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a81\u5140\u3001\u62d7\u53e3\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u7528\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u628ascenario\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u6848\u51b5\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u592a\u7b26\u5408\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u201c\u7528\u51b5\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u53eb\u201c\u7528\u60c5\u201d\u5462\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5176\u5b9e\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd1\u6cd5\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u9644\u5e26\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684use case\u548ctest case\uff08test case\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9scenario\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800cscenario\u662f\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff09\u4ece\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211
\n\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u201c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6307test case\uff08\u5e26\u5b9a\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\uff09\u5462\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08testing the use cases\uff0c\u52a8\u5bbe\u8bcd\u7ec4\uff09\u5462\uff1f\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u6613\u5206\u8fa8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u82e5\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u5570\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6216\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u55e6\u548c\u4fbf\u626d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u4ee5\u540e\u628atest case\u90fd\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u6d4b\u4f8b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4f46\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u8bba\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u5f88\u8d34\u5207\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u6d4b\u4f8b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u4f8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u5e02\u9762\u4e0aActor\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u6267\u884c\u8005\u3001\u4e3b\u89d2\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u6267\u884c\u8005\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u201d \u901a\u5e38\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4e0a\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u8bcd\u662fparticipant\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u7684Actor\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u7136\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u201c\u6267\u884c\u8005\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884c\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bb2\u8fd9\u6837\u8bd1\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5174\u8bb8\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u8005\u201d\u624d\u66f4\u4e3a\u6070\u5f53\u3002\u201c\u4e3b\u89d2\u201d\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628aActor\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u4e3b\u89d2\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Primary Actor\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u4e3b\u4e3b\u89d2\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u770b\u6765Actor\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u201c\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5269\u4e0b\u201c\u89d2\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u800cUML\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u672f\u8bedrole\uff08\u89d2\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u628aActor\u76f4\u63a5\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\u3002
\n\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u628aActor\u610f\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u201d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bActor\u7684\u7684\u786e\u786e\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\uff08\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\uff08user\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4fdd\u6301\u4e24\u8005\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7684Supporting\/Secondary Actor\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff09\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u201d\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u201c\u88ab\u201d\u5b57\uff09\u6216\u201c\u8f85\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u201d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6307\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373Actor\u662fuse case\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08\u6216\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5728UML\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\uff08\u5173\u8054\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u4f46\u8bf4\u7684\u901a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u201cuse case\u201d\u3001\u201cactor\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5
\n2.1 \u7406\u7531
\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08UUCM\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u5417\uff1f
\n\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u81ea\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5c1a\u672a\u770b\u5230\u4e24\u8005\u5c06\u8981\u878d\u5408\u7684\u660e\u663e\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5bc7\u672c\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7528\u4f8b\u5219\u66f4\u7a81\u51faUML\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6587\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u81f3\u5c11\u670910\u5904\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u597d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u518d\u8005\u80fd\u5426\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u718a\u638c\u4e0e\u9c7c\u517c\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91c7\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u548c\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u878d\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u636e\u8bf4\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7528\u4f8b\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u591a\u8fbe18\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a[2][6]\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u5747\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cUUCM\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u3001\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5UUCM\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u3001\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u548c\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u51faUUCM\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002
\n2.2\u5c42\u6b21
\n\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u5bc7\u672c\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\u6240\u5728[2]\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5bc7\u672c\u628a\u7528\u4f8b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u6982\u8981\u5c42\u3001\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\u548c\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u5de7\u5999\u7684Why\/How\u6280\u672f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u8005\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u6700\u7ec8\u5e94\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u4f8b\u60c5\u8282\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u3002
\n\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u4f8b\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u8f93\u5165\u53d1\u8d27\u5730\u5740\u201d\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u5c31\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bc7\u672c\u7684\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u4f8b\u8fc7\u5927\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bc7\u672c\u7684\u6982\u8981\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u201c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u201c\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u63e1\u597d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bed\u7109\u4e0d\u8be6\uff0c\u7ed9RUP\u548cUML\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6070\u597d\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc7\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7528\u4f8b\u6709\u7eb5\u5411\uff08\u5c42\u6b21\uff09\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\uff08\u8303\u56f4\uff09\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5bf9\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728RUP\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u3002
\n\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c24\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u5bc7\u672c\u5f15\u5165\u6982\u8981\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u8fbe\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u628a\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u3002
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6ee5\u7528\u3001\u8bef\u7528\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u89e3\uff08\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8bf1\u4eba\u5012\u9000\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u610f\u56de\u907f\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d[12]\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7528\u4f8b\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\u53eb\u505a\u7528\u4f8b\u7247\u6bb5\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u770b\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u4eca\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u3002
\n2.3\u8303\u56f4
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u7528\u4f8b\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5bc7\u672c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7528\u56fe\u6807\u6216\u6587\u5b57\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u5916\u5c42\uff08\u6216\u6700\u5916\u56f4\uff09\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5[13]\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9700\u6c42\u8fd8\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u770b\u4f60\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6784\u4ef6\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u7c7b\/\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u9ed1\u76d2\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1
\n\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4e88\u8003\u8651\u3002
\n\u6b63\u5982\u5bc7\u672c\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fATM\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u94f6\u884c\u67dc\u53f0\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6807\u8bb0\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u8868\u660e\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u9970\u4ee5\u4fbf\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u67dc\u53f0\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\uff0c\u201cATM\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\u3002
\n\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fb9\u754c\uff08SuD\uff0cthe System under Discussion\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8b\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684FAQ\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7a8d\u95e8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2aSuD\u6216\u8005\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u3001\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2aSuD\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8be5SuD\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u673a\u7535\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2aSuD\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u662f\u6307\u7531\u8f6f\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684IT\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8bsuc\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8bbuc\uff0cbuc\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8981\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8esuc\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\uff0cbuc\u5c31\u662fsuc\uff0c\u6216\u8005buc\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u8981\u9ad8\u4e8esuc\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002
\n2.4 \u5305\u542b\u4e0e\u6269\u5c55
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u590d\u6742\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8868\u793a\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bae\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6050\u6015\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fd8\u96be\u6709\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bc7\u672c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u5305\u542b\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u591f\u7cbe\u51c6\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u3001\u5404\u81ea\u89e3\u91ca\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u5e26\u6765\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4.1\u4e00\u5934\u96fe\u6c34
\n\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u6210\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\n\u56fe1\u3001\u5bc7\u672c\u753b\u6cd5[1]<\/p>\n

\u56fe2\u3001\u300aUML\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u300b\u753b\u6cd5[10]
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5dee\u522b\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u300aUML\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u300b\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7528\u4f8bATM\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1a
\n\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u5929\u5e7f\u544a
\ninclude\uff08\u8bc6\u522b\u987e\u5ba2\uff09
\ninclude\uff08\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d26\u6237\uff09
\n————————– <\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1>\uff08\u6269\u5c55\u70b91\uff09
\n\u6253\u5370\u51ed\u6761\u6807\u9898
\n————————– <\u51ed\u6761\u7ec6\u8282>\uff08\u6269\u5c55\u70b92\uff09
\n\u767b\u51fa
\n\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u53d6\u6b3e\uff1a
\n\u6536\u5230\u53d6\u6b3e\u8bf7\u6c42
\n\u6307\u5b9a\u53d6\u6b3e\u6570\u91cf
\n————————– <\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42>\uff08\u6269\u5c55\u70b93\uff09
\n\u4ed8\u6b3e
\n\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fe2\u628aATM\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0e\u53d6\u6b3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u753b\u6210\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u539f\u5219[4]\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u987e\u5ba2\u5177\u4f53\u6267\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53d6\u6b3e\u3001\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u8f6c\u8d26\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6dfb\u52a0\uff08\u6269\u5c55\uff09\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800cATM\u6253\u5370\u7684\u51ed\u6761\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5c06\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u7b26\u5408\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e8e\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u56fe2\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u628a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6253\u5370\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4ece\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u62bd\u8d70\u3002
\n\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e0a\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u70b9\u62ff\u6389\uff08\u53ea\u770b\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff09\u5e76\u53c2\u7167\u5bc7\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u548c\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u518d\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5bc7\u672c\u7248\u7684\u201c\u4f7f\u7528ATM\u201d[1]\uff1a
\n1. \u987e\u5ba2\u63d2\u5361\uff0c\u8f93\u5165PIN\u3002
\n2. ATM\u9a8c\u8bc1\u987e\u5ba2\u8d26\u6237\u548cPIN\u3002
\n3. \u987e\u5ba2\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u5217\u4efb\u4e00\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1a
\n\u53d6\u6b3e
\n\u5b58\u6b3e
\n\u8f6c\u8d26
\n\u67e5\u8be2
\n\u987e\u5ba2\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e8b\u52a1\u76f4\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u3002
\n4. ATM\u9000\u5361\u3002
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u53d6\u6b3e\u3001\u5b58\u6b3e\u7b49\u4e8b\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u201c\u4f7f\u7528ATM\u201d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6709\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa43\u3002\u5728WEUC\u4e2d\u5bc7\u672c\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53d6\u6b3e\u3001\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u8f6c\u8d26\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u987e\u5ba2\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u753b\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fe3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u56fe1\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u56fe3\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u3002
\n\u56fe 3\u3001\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u753b\u6cd5
\n\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd8\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u541e\u5361\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6beb\u65e0\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u4f7f\u7528ATM\u201d\u7684\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0a\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8f83\u96be\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u5224\u5b9a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u77e5\u9053\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u4f55\u65f6\u3001\u4f55\u5904\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u5b83\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u4f55\u65f6\u3001\u4f55\u5904\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u6269\u5c55\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b[1]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u7ba1\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7b14\u8005\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6761\u7b80\u5355\u6cd5\u5219\uff1a\u51e1\u662f\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u6d41\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u56fe3\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728UML 2.0\u4e0a\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u89c4\u8303\u8349\u6848\uff08www.uml.org\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fe4\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1a
\n\u56fe4\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u753b\u6cd5
\n\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u95ee\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u4f8b\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5374\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u7684UML\u753b\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\u5728\u56fe3\u4e2d\u662f\u5305\u542b\uff0c\u5728\u56fe4\u4e2d\u5374\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u56fe4\u4e0e\u56fe3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u4f8b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u51fa\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u3002\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u5173\u6ce8\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56fe4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0e\u56fe3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\u7528\u4f8b\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5047\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5206\u522b\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\uff08\u4e8b\u52a1\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d \uff0c\u5e76\u7ea6\u5b9a\u524d\u8005\u201c\u5927\u4e8e\u201d\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c31\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u56fe3\u3001\u56fe4\u90fd\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u201c\u53d6\u6b3e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b58\u6b3e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8f6c\u8d26\u201d\u7b49\u7528\u4f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u753b\u6cd5\u76ee\u524d\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u56fe3\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u7528\u4f8b\u5305\u542b\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e13\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5927\u5bb6\u50cf\u5bc7\u672c\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u5728\u641e\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5e72\u8106\u90fd\u5148\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u6307\u671b\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7528\u4f8b\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5728\u5f04\u6e05\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u6d6a\u8d39\u592a\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u5f85\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
\n2.4.2 sub use case\u4e4b\u4e89
\n\u5bc7\u672c\u5728WEUC\u4e2d\u628a\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\u79f0\u4e3asub use case\uff0c\u5373subordinate use case\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9esubordinate use case\uff08\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5206\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\uff09\u5728\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff08\u5728\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u65e9\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5bf9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u7684SystemOf InterconnectedSystems\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u8d85\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\/\u5206\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u5206[4]\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5bc7\u672c\u91c7\u7528\u7684sub use case\u53eb\u6cd5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u76f4\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u201c\u5b50\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u7236\u5b50\u201d\u4e00\u8bf4\u5728OO\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u662f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002
\n\u5728UML[10]\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u7528\u4f8b\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u9644\u52a0\uff08additional\uff09\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u3001\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u53eb\u505a\u57fa\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u7236\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u5b50\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5c3d\u91cf\u56de\u907f\u5bc7\u672csub use case\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u6765\u4ee3\u79f0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u660e\u786e\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u51e1\u662f\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u5b50\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3002
\n2.5 Actor
\n\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u7684Actor\u7c7b\u578b\u67097\u79cd\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec[1]:
\nActor\uff08something with behavior\uff09\u3001
\nExternal actor\uff08an actor outside SuD\uff09\u3001
\nStakeholder\uff08an external actor entitled to have its interests protected by the system\uff09\u3001
\nPrimary actor\uff08a stakeholder who requests that the system deliver a goal\uff09\u3001
\nSupporting\/secondary actor\uff08a system against which the SuD has a goal\uff09\u3001
\nOffstage\/tertiary actor\uff08a stakeholder who is not the PA\uff09\u3001
\nInternal actor\uff08either the SuD, a subsystem or an active component of the SuD\uff09\u3002
\nRUP\u5173\u4e8eActor\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49[7]\u662f: Someone or something, outside the system or business that interacts with the system or business\u3002UML\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f: An actor specifies a role played by a user or any other system that interacts with the subject\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0e\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u5bf9\u4e8eActor\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u53caUML\u7684Actor\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u5bc7\u672cActor\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7248\u672c\uff09\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b3c\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u5185\u5916Actor\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9aActor\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5212\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6216\u4e1a\u52a1\uff09\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u59cb\u7ec8\u628aActor\u5f53\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u6bd4\u8f83\u59a5\u5f53\uff0c\u5185\u90e8Actor\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2dActor\u5373\u91cd\u8981\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981[1]\uff0c\u8bc6\u522bActor\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u53d6\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5404\u79cdActor\u7c7b\u578b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002
\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bc7\u672c\u5173\u4e8estakeholder\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5bc7\u672c\u8ba4\u4e3astakeholder\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u90e8Actor\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u4e0e\u5bc7\u672c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u663e\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe[1]\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002\u6309\u5e38\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u90e8Actor\u3001\u5916\u90e8Actor\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8estakeholder\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002
\n2.6\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6
\n\u4e0e\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7528\u4f8b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5bc7\u672c\u5bf9\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ec6\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3001\u6210\u529f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u7528\u4f8b\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u672a\u8fbe\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8d77\u7801\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7eb3\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u6210\u529f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5212\u5206\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u6210\u529f\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff09\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5931\u8d25\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002
\n2.7\u52a8\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4
\n\u5bc7\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u6b65\u9aa4\u91c7\u7528\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u91c7\u75281,2,3\u2026\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u6d41\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6b65\u9aa4\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u59821a\u30011a1\u30015c\u30015c3b1\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f\u4ee3\u7b26*\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u76ee\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u59821-9a\u30012,7-9c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002RUP\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6d41\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5206\u8282\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u59821.1\u30012.3.4.1\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u8005\u627e\u5230\u7528\u4f8b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\u663e\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002
\n\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cRUP\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u547d\u540d\u6b65\u9aa4\u201d\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u5185\u5bb9\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u6807\u8bb0\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u6765\u9700\u8981\u753b\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u56fe\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\u53c2\u8003\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7eb3\u5bc7\u672c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u7f16\u53f7\u65b9\u5f0f\u548cRUP\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6b65\u9aa4\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n2.8\u6587\u672c\u4e0eUML
\n\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u7528\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0eUML\u3001RUP\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u5929\u7136\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7528\u4f8b\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5efa\u6a21\u662fRUP\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u82e5\u7528\u4f8b\u548cUML\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0cRUP\u4e5f\u5c31\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e0aRUP\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528RUP\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7528\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a8\u8350\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5229\u7528UML\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u56fe\u3001\u534f\u4f5c\u56fe\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u56fe\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u56fe5\u79cd\u56fe\u793a\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u624b\u6bb5\u5145\u8db3\u3001\u6b66\u5668\u9f50\u5907\u3002
\n\u5bc7\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5cWEUC\u7684\u4e3b\u57fa\u8c03\u662f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\/\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86UML\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5f85UML\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u548c\u76f8\u5173CASE\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9UML\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5176\u4ed64\u79cd\u56fe\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u5145\u5206,\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdc\u6bd4\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u8981\u91cd\u8981\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fUML\u5f3a\u5927\u63cf\u8ff0\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u4f53\u73b0\u3002
\nUUCM:
\n\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u7f57\u5217\u3002\u7528\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u201c\u692d\u5706\u201d\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u624d\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u8981\u6b21\u8981\u4e9b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684[1][4]\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5148\u5199\u6587\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u540e\u7167\u7740\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\u753bUML\u56fe\u6bd4\u5148\u753b\u56fe\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u56fe\u5f62\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\u8981\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9996\u5148\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u5199\u597d\u6587\u672c\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0a\uff08\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\uff09\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bc7\u672c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201cSequence diagrams are not a good form for expression use cases\u201d[1]\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u5931\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u5168\u9762\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u5168\u4e66\uff0c\u5bc7\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u5de5\u5177\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5148\u8fdb\u7684CASE\u5de5\u5177\u9887\u6709\u5fae\u8bcd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5982\u6587\u672c\u5199\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\u548c\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0cUML\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7b49\u540c\u4e8eUML\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528UML\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u5f62\u8c61\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u4ea4\u53c9\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u8d85\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u66f4\u7b49\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u9002\u7684UML\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982SSD\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e8f\u5217\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\uff09[8]\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u56fe\u5728\u7528\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5176\u5b9e\u8d77\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u523b\u753b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4f8b\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\/\u4e1a\u52a1\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u597d\u50cf\u66f4\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u9996\u5148\u753b\u6d3b\u52a8\u56fe\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u6709\u5173\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e0d\u592a\u613f\u610f\u91c7\u7528\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u548c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u518d\u8f85\u4e4b\u4ee5UML\u6d3b\u52a8\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u56fe\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u597d\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6f84\u6e05\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u6293\u4f4f\u8981\u9886\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u5c40\u6d4f\u89c8\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002
\n\u7528\u4f8b\u7684UML\u56fe\u5f62\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u8c01\u53d6\u4ee3\u8c01\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u3001\u4f18\u52bf\u4e92\u8865\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\/\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6587
\n\u672c\u548cUML\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u672c\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u628a\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8fd0\u7528\u6548\u679c\u624d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fc7\u4efd\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002
\n2.9\u9ed1\u76d2\u767d\u76d2
\n\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u535a\u58eb\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08UCR\uff0cUse Case Realization\uff09[5]\u5728RUP\u3001UML\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u4f5c\u5171\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aUCR\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u800cUCR\u5728\u4e9a\u514b\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u8054\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u57df\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u57df\u3001\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5bc7\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728UCR\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9ed1\u76d2\u7528\u4f8b\uff08\u9700\u6c42\uff09\u3001\u767d\u76d2\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u5206\uff08\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002
\nUUCM\uff1a
\n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u8c08\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u4f8b\u8868\u793a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u9ed1\u76d2\u7684\u3001\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u767d\u76d2\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u201c\u767d\u76d2\u7528\u4f8b\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u533a\u5206UC\u548cUCR\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6d88\u9664\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u88ab\u62c9\u6765\u5199\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5f53\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u53d7\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5199\u5230\u6700\u540e\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u5199\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u3002
\n2.10\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u677f
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\n\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5929\u4e0bIT\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u5408\u4e45\u5fc5\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u4e45\u5fc5\u5408\u3002UUCM\u4e0d\u662f\u53e5\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u8bb8\u591a\u6280\u672f\u6d41\u6d3e\u5206\u5448\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u4f1a\u957f\u4e45\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e94\u6709\u95e8\u6d3e\u5206\u5272\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u667a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6210\u672c\u521b\u9020\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u7528\u578b\u6280\u672f\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u62ff\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62guru-locked-in\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u7684\u5373\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff01
\n\u81f4\u8c22
\n\u611f\u8c22\u90b1\u5609\u6587\uff08\u4ece\u4ed6\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u80da\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff09\u3001\u6f58\u52a0\u5b87\u3001\u6c88\u5907\u519b\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u767e\u5fd9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5ba1\u9605\u4e86\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u610f\u89c1\uff01
\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e
\n[1] Cockburn A.\u8457,\u300a\u7f16\u5199\u6709\u6548\u7528\u4f8b\u300b\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e747\u6708\u3002
\n[2] Cockburn A., Using goal-based use cases, JOOP Vol. 10, No. 6 (Sep-Oct), No. 7 (Nov-Dec), 1997.
\n[3] Jacobson I.\u7b49\u8457, Object-oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u90ae\u7535\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e749\u6708\u3002
\n[4] Jacobson I.\u8457\uff0c\u7a0b\u5bbe\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u8def\u300b\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e748\u6708\u3002
\n[5] Jacobson I.\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u5468\u4f2f\u751f\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e741\u6708\u3002
\n[6] Hurlbut R., A Survey of Approaches For Describing and Formalizing Use Cases, Expertech, Ltd., 1997.
\n[7] Kruchten P., The Rational Unified Process An Introduction, Second Edition, Addison Wesley, 2000.
\n[8] Larman C.\u8457\uff0c\u59da\u6dd1\u73cd\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u300aUML\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e741\u6708\u3002
\n[9] Leffingwell D.\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u848b\u6167\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u6c42\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e743\u6708\u3002
\n[10] Rumbaugh J.\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u59da\u6dd1\u73cd\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u300aUML\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e741\u6708\u3002
\n[11] \u90b5\u7ef4\u5fe0\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e742\u6708\u3002
\n[12] \u5f20\u6042\uff0c\u300a\u8ba9\u5386\u53f2\u544a\u8bc9\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u8bc4Ivar Jacobson\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u3008\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u6628\u5929\u3001\u4eca\u5929\u548c\u660e\u5929\u3009\u300b\uff0cIT\u4e4b\u6e90\uff0c2003\u5e744\u6708\u3002
\n[13] \u5f20\u6042\uff0c\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u597d\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7528\u4f8b\u300b\uff0cIT\u4e4b\u6e90\uff0c2003\u5e743\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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