\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u662f\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u8fdb\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u53d1\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u672a\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u8c8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8865\u5145\u3001\u7ec6\u5316\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6ee1\u610f\u4e3a\u6b62\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u8fd120\u5e74\u6765\u56fd\u5185\u5916IT\u884c\u4e1a\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6309\u7167\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a“\u5bf9\u8c61”\uff0c\u5c06\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u770b\u6210\u662f\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Object oriented,\u7b80\u79f0OO\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u5355\u7eaf\u53cd\u6620\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u4fa7\u91cd\u53cd\u6620\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6a21\u62df\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u8fce\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u7f18\u7531\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u5173\u952e\u6210\u529f\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u539f\u578b\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1  \u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86“\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5371\u673a”\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u5546\u4e1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u540e\u679c\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5faa\u73af\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

1\uff0e\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000“\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5371\u673a”\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c“\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5371\u673a”\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6210\u672c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u6210\u672c\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9010\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8fdb\u5ea6\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ea7\u751f“\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5371\u673a”\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3“\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5371\u673a”\u5462\uff1f\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u89c6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d70\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7740\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5373\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff08Systems Development Life Cycle , SDLC\uff09\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u6267\u884c\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u628a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u6210\u957f\u3001\u6210\u719f\u3001\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3001\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u9636\u6bb5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9996\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5168\u90e8\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u81ea\u9876\u5411\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9636\u6bb5\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u56fe\u3001\u8868\u3001\u8bf4\u660e\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49(the Definition of Requirement )\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u3001\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u9884\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u671f\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u987a\u5229\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

    (1)\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u80fd\u88ab\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u786e\u5207\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u6c42\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u786e\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u5408\u7406\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\uff1b\u53bb\u5b9a\u4e49\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u751a\u9ad8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53c8\u662f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff1b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u7edd\u975e\u9762\u9762\u4ff1\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u65e7\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82e5\u5e72\u6b21\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u2460\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\uff1b\u2461\u5b9e\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u2462\u89c2\u770b\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\u5148\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    (2)\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u3000\u4e25\u683c\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u4fdd\u5bc6\u5206\u6790\u5458\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e13\u5bb6\u7b49\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\uff0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u6863\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u800c\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u610f\u89c1\u6216\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u6587\u5b57\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u6216\u6c49\u8bed\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u82f1\u8bed\u4ee5\u53ca\u5224\u5b9a\u8868\u3001\u6811\u7b49\u8f83\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u8f83\u53d9\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8bed\u8a00\u7684“\u4e25\u5bc6\u6027”\u3001“\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027”\u548c“\u884c\u4e1a\u6027”\u3002<\/p>\n

 \u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u591a\u884c\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u67b6\u8d77\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6865\u6881\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u65e9\u5c31\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4e43\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

    \uff083\uff09\u9759\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0f\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u53d9\u8ff0\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6240\u6709\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u6240\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u753b\u9762\u6765\u8ba4\u53ef\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd1\u4e8e\u82db\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6280\u672f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9759\u6b62\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709“\u751f\u547d”\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53bb\u4f53\u9a8c\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7efc\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u70b9\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8106\u5f31\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u4e00\u65e6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5c31\u7edd\u975e\u610f\u5916\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u652f\u6301\u4e25\u683c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u800c\u7ed9\u9879\u76ee\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u6c42\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u89e3\u51b3\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5“\u5b9e\u73b0”\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u52a0\u6df1\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5145\u548c\u7ec6\u5316\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u9884\u89c1\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff0e\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\uff08prototyping\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u7ec4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8bd5\u7528\u3001\u8865\u5145\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u53cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5f97\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684“\u7cbe\u786e\u89e3”\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6237\u6ee1\u610f\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u590d\u8865\u5145\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf “\u6700\u521d\u7248\u672c”\u5c31\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf “\u6700\u7ec8\u7248\u672c”\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf“\u539f\u578b”\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u542f\u53d1\u3001\u63ed\u793a\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u539f\u578b(prototype)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b(prototype)\u5373\u6837\u54c1\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3a“\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6837\u673a”\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u5f81\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u660e\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5f81\u6c42\u5185\u90e8\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u539f\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u754c\u9762\u98ce\u683c\uff1b\u5c55\u793a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u6216\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\uff1b\u539f\u578b\u6700\u597d\u662f\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2460 \u6dd8\u6c70(\u629b\u5f03)\u5f0f(disposable)\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u8fbe\u5230\u5373\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2461 \u6f14\u5316\u5f0f(evolutionary)\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed8\u53d8\u5316\u6700\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2462 \u589e\u91cf\u5f0f(incremental)\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u6bb5\u5730\u589e\u91cf\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4e0e\u6f14\u5316\u5f0f\u539f\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u589e\u91cf\u5f0f\u5f00\u53d1\u662f\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u5e94\u4ed8\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u6f14\u5316\u5f0f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u578b\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2460 \u5bf9\u8bdd\u539f\u578b  <\/p>\n

 \u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u62df\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u9057\u6f0f\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u6df1\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6548\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2461 \u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u578b<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2462 \u62a5\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b  <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u770b\uff0c\u62a5\u8868\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u62a5\u8868\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2463 \u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b   <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u542b\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u539f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5458\u4e0e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u62a5\u8868\u548c\u663e\u793a\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57df\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u578b\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u63a2\u7d22\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2464 \u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u539f\u578b<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5458\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u5206\u6790\u5458\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u539f\u578b\u68c0\u9a8c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6c42\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2465 \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u539f\u578b   <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u8fde\u6216\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u6765\u9274\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u662f\u5426\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2466 \u6982\u5ff5\u539f\u578b    <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u989d\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7ec6\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5c4f\u5e55\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u62a5\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7ec6\u5316\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7ec6\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u62a5\u8868\u548c\u5c4f\u5e55\u7b49\u7ec6\u8282\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u540e\u671f\u53d8\u66f4\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u9700\u6c42\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u8f83\u591a\u5148\u671f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u540e\u671f\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u6295\u5165\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u6210\u672c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u540e\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u578b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5ba2\u6237\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

9.1.2  \u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u53d6\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u6c42\u7cbe\u3002\u5b83\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u3001\u9009\u4ee3\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u7ec8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u91c7\u7528\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u7528\u6237\u4f5c\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u539f\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u4e3a\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u8865\u5145\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8981\u6bd4\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6765\u5f97\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd9\u79cd\u5929\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u96be\u514d\u6709\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u5b9a\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u6280\u672f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u5f00\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5047\u8bbe(hypothesis)\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001\u3001\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee5\u524d\u90fd\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u8be6\u7ec6\u800c\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5f88\u5584\u4e8e\u53d9\u8ff0\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5374\u4e0d\u751a\u6e05\u695a\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u4ec5\u6709\u5c40\u90e8\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u53d9\u8ff0\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30002\u3001\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f97\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6a21\u578b\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7528\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6210\u539f\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u96c6\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u9ad8\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf(DBMS)\u3001\u975e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u5199\u5668\u3001\u975e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5c4f\u5e55\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3001\u8d85\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6587\u6863\u7f16\u6392\u7b49\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6280\u672f\u4eca\u5929\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c“\u539f\u578b”\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a“\u597d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3”\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u60f3\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u4e22\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u81f4\u9020\u6210\u5927\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u60f3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6c42\u7cbe\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u578b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8c13\u5e94\u7528\u751f\u4ea7\u5668\uff08AG\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u751f\u4ea7\u8bed\u8a00\uff084GL\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30003\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u788d<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5373\u4f7f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f88\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f55\u51b5\u6587\u5b57\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u822c\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bf4\u660e\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u548c\u539f\u578b\u4eba\u5458\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u7ec4\u5c4f\u5e55\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u660e\u786e\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u540c\u539f\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u539f\u578b\u3002\u539f\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6c9f\u901a\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0a\u969c\u788d\u7684\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u90fd\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6613\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4ece\u5e38\u8bc6\u4e0a\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u76f4\u89c2\u6027\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u62c5\u5f53\u548c\u80dc\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30004\u3001\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b(system modal)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u9759\u6001\u56fe\u5f62\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u611f\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u52a8\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a“\u6d3b”\u7684\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u7eb8\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u5dee\u522b\u662f\u5341\u5206\u663e\u8457\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u5c06\u6bd4\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u6750\u6599\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30005\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u4e00\u65e6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u548c\u653e\u5f03\u4e25\u683c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u539f\u578b\u5e76\u5728\u6f14\u793a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u786e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30006\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u52a0\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u8be5\u9f13\u52b1\u7528\u6237\u6539\u8fdb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u628a\u6a21\u578b\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u4f60\u79ef\u6781\u601d\u8003\u53bb\u6539\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u3001\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u538c\u6076\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u5b9a\u4e49\u9690\u542b\u7740\u6291\u5236\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u518d\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7981\u9650\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u9700\u8981\u548c\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u5021\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u505a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728“\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790”\u3001“\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1”\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u8d77\u4e3a\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u7ea7\u7528\u539f\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bed\u8a00\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u578b\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6f14\u793a\u539f\u578b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u539f\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u539f\u578b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u7acb\u523b\u627e\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u539f\u578b\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6280\u5de7\u7b49\u679d\u8282\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u662f\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u65b0\u539f\u578b\u5468\u671f\u3002\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8981\u6bd4\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u8865\u5145\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8f6f\u4ef6\u539f\u578b(software prototype)\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u521d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6700\u540e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30001.\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30002.\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u662f\u6254\u6389\u539f\u578b\uff08\u4ee5\u6700\u7b80\u4fbf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5927\u91cf\u501f\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bbe\u60f3\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5373\u589e\u91cf\u539f\u578b\uff08\u5148\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u8865\u5145\u6a21\u5757\uff09\uff0c\u6f14\u8fdb\u539f\u578b\u5c45\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\uff08\u6bcf\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u6254\u6389\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u81f3\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30003.\u4ece\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u53ef\u4f5c\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u4f5c\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30004.\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5ec9\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30005.\u5b83\u662f\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u6b21\u7ecf\u7528\u6237\u8bc4\u4ef7\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

9.1.3 \u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4
<\/strong>
\u3000\u3000\u5229\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u56db\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f04\u6e05\u7528\u6237\/\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u6784\u9020\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u8bc4\u4ef7\u539f\u578b\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u7528\u6237(user)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u4ece\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u80fd\u80dc\u4efb\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005(system designer)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(1) \u5feb\u901f\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f04\u6e05\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\u3002\uff08Plan\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6839\u636e\u539f\u578b\u6240\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u6216\u754c\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u6216\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u6216\u603b\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6216\u6a21\u62df\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f00\u53d1\u539f\u578b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u53d6\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c3d\u5feb\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u9020\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u9636\u6bb5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7279\u6027\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u91c7\u7528\u539f\u578b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88\u5927\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u590d\u6742\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u9636\u6bb5\u5148\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b\u662f\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5f53\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u5148\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u6784\u9020\u539f\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u786e\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff1b\u6982\u62ec\u51fa\u4e1a\u52a1\u539f\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u6210\u672c\uff1b\u8003\u8651\u4e1a\u52a1\u539f\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6765\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6765\u89c4\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4f30\u4ef7\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u539f\u578b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u7528\u6237\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6a21\u62df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(2) \u6784\u9020\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002(Implement)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u3002\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u6700\u7ec8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u539f\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5f85\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e00\u5207\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6784\u9020\u539f\u578b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u5165\u754c\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u754c\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7531\u754c\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u503c\u57df\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u540e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c3d\u5feb\u5730\u628a\u539f\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5229\u7528\u539f\u578b\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u8f6c\u50a8\u3001\u6062\u590d\u7b49\u7ef4\u62a4\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u83dc\u5355\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6210\u8d25\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e26\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u800c\u505a\u5f97\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u30023——6\u5468\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u5e94\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u7531\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u53bb\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53ca\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u96c6\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1b\u6784\u9020\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u6362\u6216\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u539f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1b\u5efa\u7acb\u5408\u9002\u7684\u83dc\u5355\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\uff1b\u88c5\u914d\u6216\u7f16\u5199\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u628a\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5f88\u8212\u9002\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2460 \u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2461 \u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2462 \u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u4e0d\u6c42\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5df2\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2463 \u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5f88\u8212\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2464 \u7528\u6237\uff0d\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7528\u521d\u59cb\u539f\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u4e0d\u81f4\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(3) \u7528\u6237\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u8bc4\u4ef7\u539f\u578b\u3002(Measure)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u9891\u7e41\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u539f\u578b\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b83\u96c6\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5916\u89c2\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u6b8b\u7f3a\u4e0d\u5168\u3002\u7528\u6237\u8981\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u8bd5\u7528\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8bd5\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8003\u6838\u8bc4\u4ef7\u539f\u578b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2d\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u589e\u8865\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65b0\u8bbe\u60f3\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5145\u5206\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u539f\u578b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u80fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f81\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6f14\u793a\/\u8bc4\u4ef7\/\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2460 \u539f\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u9a8c\u6536\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6700\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2461 \u603b\u4f53\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9690\u542b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2462 \u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u611f\u5230\u719f\u6089\u548c\u8212\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u800c\u5728\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2460 \u5e94\u53d1\u73b0\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2461 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u601d\u8def\u548c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u2462 \u6539\u5584\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u5e94\u8ba4\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u539f\u578b\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7406\u89e3\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u603b\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u786e\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u6539\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u603b\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u793a\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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